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| Arthur Conan Doyle
Arthur Conan Doyle
: Biography
On
May 22, 1859, Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. In 1890 his
novel, A Study in Scarlet, introduced the character of Detective
Sherlock Holmes. Doyle would go on to write 60 stories about Sherlock Holmes.
He also strove to spread his Spiritualism faith through a series of books that
were written from 1918 to 1926. Doyle died of a heart attack in Crowborough,
England on July 7, 1930.
Early Life
On May
22, 1859, Arthur Conan Doyle was born to an affluent, strict Irish-Catholic
family in Edinburgh, Scotland. Although Doyle's family was well-respected in
the art world, his father, Charles, who was a life-long alcoholic, had few
accomplishments to speak of. Doyle's mother, Mary, was a lively and
well-educated woman who loved to read. She particularly delighted in telling
her young son outlandish stories. Her great enthusiasm and animation while
spinning wild tales sparked the child's imagination. As Doyle would later
recall in his biography, "In my early childhood, as far as I can remember
anything at all, the vivid stories she would tell me stand out so clearly that
they obscure the real facts of my life.
 At the age of 9, Doyle bid a tearful goodbye to his parents and was shipped off to England, where he would attend Hodder Place, Stonyhurst—a Jesuit preparatory school—from 1868 to 1870. Doyle then went on to study at Stonyhurst College for the next five years. For Doyle, the boarding-school experience was brutal: many of his classmates bullied him, and the school practiced ruthless corporal punishment against its students. Over time, Doyle found solace in his flair for storytelling, and developed an eager audience of younger students.
Medical Education
and Career
When
Doyle graduated from Stonyhurst College in 1876, his parents expected that he
would follow in his family's footsteps and study art, so they were surprised
when he decided to pursue a medical degree at the University of Edinburgh
instead. At med school, Doyle met his mentor, Professor Dr. Joseph Bell, whose
keen powers of observation would later inspire Doyle to create his famed
fictional detective character, Sherlock Holmes. At the University of Edinburgh,
Doyle also had the good fortune to meet classmates and future fellow authors
James Barrie and Robert Louis
Stevenson. While a medical student, Doyle took his own first stab at
writing, with a short story called The Mystery of Sasassa Valley. That
was followed by a second story, The American Tale, which was published
in London Society.
During Doyle's third year of medical school, he took a ship surgeon's post on a whaling ship sailing for the Arctic Circle. The voyage awakened Doyle's sense of adventure, a feeling that he incorporated into a story, Captain of the Pole Star. In 1880, Doyle returned to medical school. Back at the University of Edinburgh, Doyle became increasingly invested in Spiritualism or "Psychic religion," a belief system that he would later attempt to spread through a series of his written works.
By
the time he received his Bachelor of Medicine degree in 1881, Doyle had
denounced his Roman Catholic faith.
Doyle's first paying job as a doctor took the form of a medical officer's position aboard the steamship Mayumba, travelling from Liverpool to Africa. After his stint on the Mayumba, Doyle settled in Plymouth, England for a time. When his funds were nearly tapped out, he relocated to Portsmouth and opened his first practice. He spent the next few years struggling to balance his burgeoning medical career with his efforts to gain recognition as an author. Doyle would later give up medicine altogether, in order to devote all of his attention to his writing and his faith. 
In
1885, while still struggling to make it as a writer, Doyle met and married his
first wife, Louisa Hawkins. The couple moved to Upper Wimpole Street and had
two children, a daughter and a son. In 1893, Louisa was diagnosed with
tuberculosis. While Louisa was ailing, Doyle developed an affection for a young
woman named Jean Leckie. Louisa ultimately died of tuberculosis in Doyle's
arms, in 1906. The following year, Doyle would remarry to Jean Leckie, with
whom he would have two sons and a daughter.
Writing Career
In
1886, newly married and still struggling to make it as an author, Doyle started
writing the mystery novel A Tangled Skein. Two years later, the novel
was renamed A Study in Scarlet and published in Beeton's Christmas
Annual. A Study in Scarlet, which first introduced the wildly
popular characters Detective Sherlock Holmes and his assistant, Watson, finally
earned Doyle the recognition he had so desired. It was the first of 60 stories
that Doyle would pen about Sherlock Holmes over the course of his writing
career. Also, in 1887, Doyle submitted two letters about his conversion to
Spiritualism to a weekly periodical called Light.
Doyle continued to actively participate in the Spiritualist movement from 1887 to 1916, during which time he wrote three books that experts consider largely autobiographical. These include Beyond the City (1893), The Stark Munro Letters (1895) and A Duet with an Occasional Chorus (1899). Upon achieving success as a writer, Doyle decided to retire from medicine. Throughout this period, he additionally produced a handful of historical novels including one about the Napoleonic Era called The Great Shadow in 1892, and his most famous historical novel, Rodney Stone, in 1896. The prolific author also composed four of his most popular Sherlock Holmes books during the 1890s and early 1900s: The Sign of Four (1890), The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892), The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1894) and The Hounds of Baskervilles, published in 1901. In 1893, to Doyle's readers' disdain, he had attempted to kill off his Sherlock Holmes character in order to focus more on writing about Spiritualism. In 1901, however, Doyle reintroduced Sherlock Holmes as a ghost in The Hounds of Baskervilles and later brought him back to life in The Adventure of the Empty House so the lucrative character could earn Doyle the money to fund his missionary work.
Doyle
also strove to spread his faith through a series of written works, consisting
of The New Revolution (1918), The Vital Message (1919), The
Wanderings of a Spiritualist (1921) and History of Spiritualism
(1926).
 In 1928, Doyle's final twelve stories about Sherlock Holmes were published in a compilation entitled The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes.
Death
Having
recently been diagnosed with Angina Pectoris, Doyle stubbornly ignored his
doctor's warnings, and in the fall of 1929, embarked on a spiritualism tour
through the Netherlands. He returned home with chest pains so severe that he
needed to be carried on shore, and was thereafter almost entirely bedridden at
his home in Crowborough, England. Rising one last time on July 7, 1930, Doyle
collapsed and died in his garden while clutching his heart with one hand and
holding a flower in the other.
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